|
Shrink to survive is a term used in the United States to refer to urban planning policies in which city governments demolish unpopulated and abandoned sections of cities. Such proposals, which began around 2009, entail razing entire districts within some cities or else bulldozing them to return the land to its pre-construction rural state. The policies have been studied not only by municipal and state authorities but also by the federal government, and may affect dozens of declining cities in the United States. One report suggested that 50 U.S. cities were potential candidates, and include Detroit, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Baltimore and Memphis.〔 Proponents claim the plan will bring efficiency with less waste and fraud;〔 detractors complain the policy has been a "disaster" and advocate for community-based efforts instead. Previous failures in urban renewal, especially planned shrinkage, has created opposition to shrink to survive. Shrink to survive was initiated by Dan Kildee during his term as Treasurer of Genesee County, Michigan. He proposed it as a way to handle municipal problems in Flint, which had experienced an exodus of people and business during the automobile industry downturn.〔 Flint had been described as one of the poorest Rust Belt cities.〔 One estimate was that its population had declined by half since 1950.〔 In 2002, authorities established a "municipal land bank" to buy abandoned or foreclosed homes to prevent them from being bought up by real estate speculators.〔 One report was that by the summer of 2009, 1,100 homes in Flint had been bulldozed and that another 3,000 had been scheduled for demolition. One estimate was that the city's size would shrink by twenty per cent,〔 while a second estimate was that it needed to contract by 40% to once again become viable financially. Shrink to survive has been enacted in other medium-sized cities in the American Rust belt such as the Michigan city Benton Harbor, as well as the Ohio city of Youngstown. One report suggested that city authorities in Youngstown had demolished 2,000 derelict homes and businesses.〔 In addition, shrink-to-survive has been considered for inner city suburbs of Detroit. Municipal authorities in Gary, Indiana are considering plans to shrink the city by 40%, possibly by demolition or possibly by letting Nature overgrow abandoned buildings, as a way to raise values for existing structures, reduce crime, and restore the city to fiscal health.〔Nick Bogert, June 19, 2013, NBC News, (Battered city of Gary, Ind., considers shrinking 40 percent to save itself ), Accessed June 19, 2013〕 The city has suffered a sustained decline in job losses and a consequent housing bust.〔 ==Other uses of the term== The term has been used to describe a downsizing business strategy. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「shrink to survive」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|